Calculate a paired t statistic from the mean and SD of within-pair differences.
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Calculate Welch’s t statistic and approximate degrees of freedom for two independent groups.
Calculate a one-sample t statistic from a mean, hypothesized mean, SD and sample size.
Fit a simple linear regression line to paired X and Y observations.
Calculate Pearson’s r from paired numeric values.
Calculate sample or population covariance from paired X and Y values.
Combine two sample standard deviations into a pooled estimate.
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